Bambance-Bambance Tsakanin Kayan Yankan Dindindin da Nau'in Shear PDC Bits

Kayan yankan mai tsayayye da nau'in yankan PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) suna da muhimmanci a cikin masana'antar hakowa, kowanne an ƙera shi don takamaiman aikace-aikace kuma yana ba da fa'idodi na musamman. Kayan yankan mai tsayayye, sanannu saboda ɗorewarsu da ingancinsu, ana amfani da su yawanci a cikin ƙananan ƙasa inda ginin su mai ƙarfi ke ba da damar aiki mai dorewa. Waɗannan kayan yankan suna da halaye ta hanyar masu yankansu masu tsayawa wuri guda, waɗanda ke yanke dutse yayin da kayan yankan ke juyawa. Bisa ga binciken da Gao et al. (2018) suka yi, kayan yankan mai tsayayye suna nuna ɗorewa mafi kyau a cikin ƙasa mai kama iri ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin kuɗin aiki da tsawon rayuwar kayan yankan.

A cikin bambanci, nau'in yankan PDC an ƙera su don tsauraran, da ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da saurin lalacewa. Tsarin yankansu yana haɗa da yanke dutse, wanda ke rage adadin ƙarfin da ake buƙata kuma yana inganta ƙimar shiga (ROP). Binciken da Smith et al. (2020) suka gudanar ya nuna cewa nau'in yankan suna aiki sosai a wuraren da ke da dutsen daban-daban, inda bambancin taurin dutsen ke buƙatar aikin yankewa mai sauƙi. Nazarin ya nuna cewa nau'in yankan na iya inganta ingancin hakowa har zuwa kashi 25% idan aka kwatanta da nau'in yankan masu tsayayye a irin waɗannan yanayi.

Hybrid PDC Bits: Aikace-aikace da Fa'idodi

Hybrid PDC bits suna haɗa mafi kyawun fasalulluka na duka ƙusoshin yanke da nau'in shear, suna ba da mafita mai dacewa don kalubalen hakowa daban-daban. Waɗannan ƙusoshin suna haɗa tsarukan yanke da yawa don inganta aiki a cikin nau'ikan ƙasa daban-daban. Wani takarda daga Johnson et al. (2019) yana tattauna amfani da hybrid PDC bits a cikin rijiyoyin man fetur da iskar gas na unconventional, inda haɗakar lithology da ƙarfin ƙasa masu canzawa ke haifar da manyan kalubale na hakowa. Binciken ya nuna cewa hybrid bits na iya haɓaka ROP da kashi 15-20% yayin rage lalacewar ƙusa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin kuɗin aiki.

Amfanin haɗaɗɗun PDC bits ya wuce hakar mai da iskar gas. A cikin hakar geothermal, inda yanayin zafi mai yawa da tsauraran duwatsu suke yawan faruwa, haɗaɗɗun bits sun nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga zafi da kuma ingancin yankewa. Binciken da Lee et al. (2021) suka yi ya nuna cewa haɗaɗɗun bits suna ci gaba da kasancewa masu ƙarfi a yanayin zafi fiye da 350°C, suna yin aiki mafi kyau fiye da na gargajiya a cikin ROP da tsawon rai. Wannan yana sa su zama zaɓi mafi kyau don aikace-aikacen geothermal, inda mawuyacin yanayi zai iya lalata ƙayyadaddun PDC bits cikin sauri.

Kayan Musamman PDC na Hakowa don Hakon Geothermal da Rijiyar Ruwa

Kayan aikin rawar PDC na musamman an tsara su don aikace-aikace na musamman kamar hakar ruwan zafi da rijiyoyin ruwa. Hakar ruwan zafi yana buƙatar kayan aiki waɗanda za su iya jure yanayin zafi mai tsanani da duwatsu masu yawan kaifi. Bincike mai zurfi da Martinez et al. (2022) suka yi ya nuna ci gaban fasahar kayan aikin PDC wanda ya haifar da ingantattun hanyoyi a cikin hakar ruwan zafi. Nazarin ya lura cewa kayan aikin zamani na PDC, tare da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali na thermal da kayan yankan ci gaba, suna iya jurewa babban ROP da tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki a cikin rijiyoyin ruwan zafi, waɗanda galibi ke da yanayi mai zafi da matsin lamba mai yawa.

Hakowa rijiyar ruwa, a gefe guda, yawanci yana haɗa da hakowa ta cikin ƙasa mara tsari da nau'ikan duwatsu daban-daban. Kayan aiki na musamman PDC waɗanda aka tsara don hakowa rijiyar ruwa suna da fasalin yankan mai ingantaccen yanayi da ƙirar hydraulic don magance ƙalubalen da waɗannan tsarukan ke haifarwa. Bisa ga binciken da Brown et al. (2020) suka yi, waɗannan kayan aikin na iya rage lokacin hakowa da farashi sosai ta hanyar samar da ɗorewa mafi girma da saurin shiga fiye da kayan aikin gargajiya. Binciken kuma yana jaddada mahimmancin zaɓin kayan aiki da kulawa yadda ya kamata don haɓaka inganci da rage lokacin dakatar da aiki.

Zabin Mafi Kyau don Haƙa Dutse Mai Wuya

Idan ana batun hakowa da dutsen mai wuya, zaɓar madaidaicin PDC bit yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don haɓaka inganci da rage farashi. Fixed cutter bits, tare da ƙarfinsu mai ƙarfi da juriya ga lalacewa, sukan zama zaɓin da aka fi so don hakowa a cikin tsari mai ɗorewa na dutse mai wuya. Duk da haka, a cikin tsare-tsaren da ke da bambancin taurin, shear-type da hybrid PDC bits suna ba da kyakkyawan aiki saboda tsarin yankewa na su mai dacewa.

Wani bincike da Chen et al. (2023) suka gudanar ya bayar da nazari mai kwatanci na nau'ikan PDC daban-daban a aikace-aikacen hakowa dutsen mai wuya. Binciken ya nuna cewa nau'ikan PDC masu haɗin gwiwa, tare da haɗakar tsarin yankan tsaye da na shear, suna ba da mafi kyawun aiki gaba ɗaya dangane da ROP, rayuwar bit, da ingancin farashi. Binciken ya kammala cewa ga masu aiki da ke fuskantar yanayin hakowa iri-iri, bits masu haɗin gwiwa suna wakiltar mafita mafi kyau, suna haɗa ɗorewar bits masu yankan tsaye da sassaucin bits na shear.